1 Thomas Frisk1, Lars Eng2, Shaohua Guo1, Wouter van der Wijngaart1 and G ö ran Stemme1 1) Microsystem Technology Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden 2) Biosensor Applications AB, Sundbyberg, Sweden IEEE 2007 MEMs 2007 Kobe Japan 417-420 A MINIATURISED INTEGRATED QCM- BASED ELECTRONIC NOSE MICROSYSTEM Reporter ： CHEN CHIH CHUNG

2 2 Outline Motivation Design and Fabrication Experimental Results Conclusion

3 Motivation  The detection of drugs, explosives and biological substances has become an important part of security activities at airports, harbours and in public transportation.  Military customs activities include detection and monitoring of chemicals.  Environmental monitoring has become an issue of growing  importance.  In particular, fast, portable, yet  sensitive electronic noses  are needed.

4 Principle of QCM ( Quartz Crystal Microbalance )

5 Design - Schematic cross-sectional view of the four-component system.

6 Front and backside picture of two devices. The QCM crystal is visible through the macrolonbackside cover cap.. The SEM insert shows the 20 μm thick diaphragm with hexagon shaped 25 μm diameter holes with wall thickness of 10 μm

7 Exploded schematic of the four- component system The VCAF fulfils four functions: 1. liquid sealing, i.e. restricting the fluids to the appropriate system cavities; 2. mechanical fixing all four parts, including the crystal (!), in a tension-free manner while removing the need for external mechanical clamping; 3. electrical contacting the crystal electrodes to the outside world through anisotropic (z-direction only) conductivity 4. avoiding short-circuiting the top and bottom electrode via the xy-direction or through the liquid.

8 Working principle of a wet QCM during a competitive immunoassay measurement.

9 Measured system response to the subsequent loading of the system

10 Conclusion  AB bonding to QCM resulted in a frequency shift of approximately 25  Hz. After a stabilisation time of 200 seconds the signal was found stable  within ±5 Hz.  Consecutive measurements with 200 ng and 300 ng ecstasy (amounts of  interest for security applications) on the filter resulted in a respective  baseline shift of 50 and 44 Hz  A consecutive final blank filter run resulted in a signal level of at least  an order of magnitude lower (< 5 Hz, within noise limits)  Similar system tests were also successfully performed with cocaine-  cocaine antibody chemistry.

11  Baseline shift due to changes in ambient conditions  (temperature changes caused by handling or people in close  proximity to the device)  where found to be on a longer time scale than the actual  detection time, thus being less of a problem than what we  anticipated.